why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. Apply for student finance without a bank account? In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. Throckmorton was tortured and although he confessed, was then killed. The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. One was debt. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). Religion was the most serious problem facing Elizabeth in 1558? How far He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. Born: 7 September 1533. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. First English colony in Virginia established. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. 2) This war was not a success. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? he could also overthrow her. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. Register for free, Home / This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. - rebelling of scottish lords. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. Describe two features of the Puritan challenge 6. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. West Yorkshire, Boston House, Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. What Challenges Did Elizabeth I Face As Queen? - HistoryExtra King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. Roman Catholics . VAT reg no 816865400. Company Reg no: 04489574. 14-16 / Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History - death of henry II. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. GCSE: Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) - Tutor2u 1558 -french threat. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Drake was the first English person to achieve this (and the second person in history at the time). When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . The news of the rebellion caused widespread. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. and reversing the religious settlement. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. PDF History Paper 2 - Elizabeth Topic 1: Early threats and the Religious The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. As such, I disagree with the statement. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives Elizabeth 1 - Foreign Policy - Revision Cards in A Level and IB History As the Spanish had lost these to Drake, they were forced to make their barrels from unseasoned wood, which couldnt preserve food or water very well. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." This meant atholics did not think . Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer Elizabeth delayed the opening of this Parliament that had originally been summoned in the autumn of 1588 in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada for as long as she could afford to, knowing that the Commons would be eager to broach two topics, religious debates and foreign policy, that she usually reserved to her prerogative. (*fragmentary*). The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. How successful was Elizabeth I in dealing with foreign policy - StudyMode 214 High Street, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). Why was France a threat? Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. Robert Dudley was the Earl of Leicester and during the time of the conflict involving the Netherlands, he was appointed to lead the military expedition to the Netherlands. [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Edward was born on 12 October 1537 in his mother's room inside Hampton Court Palace, in Middlesex. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle.

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