list of dictatorship countries

[126]This tactic involves policies on land reform, poverty alleviation, public health, housing, education, and employment programs that force citizens to be dependent on the state for relatively adequate living standards. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. List of 19 Main Pros and Cons of Dictatorships - ConnectUS Democracies can be either parliamentary, semi-presidential, or presidential and dictatorships can be civilian, military, or royal. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. Current Dictators Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un is North Korea's current dictator and the third generation Kim to rule the country, following the death of his father Kim Jong-il in 2011. [146], In a dictatorship, violence is used to coerce or repress all opposition to the dictator's rule, and the strength of a dictatorship depends on its use of violence. List of monarchs of fictional countries - Wikipedia Political participation: 2.22. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. Due to it, the countries went towards dictatorship. The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. [1][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. The . [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. Uganda. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. Personalistic dictatorships: 4. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian . Which countries have military dictatorship? - Studybuff Monarchies: 3. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. Dictatorship Countries 2022 - World Populace Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. Some of the most famous dictators in history include Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. The head of state may be unelected and still be classified as a democracy. For dictatorships, monarchic, military and civilian dictatorship. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. [60] During the L dynasty of Vietnam between the 16th and 18th centuries, the country was under de facto military rule by two rival military families: the Trnh lords in the north and the Nguyn lords in the south. Secret police are used to gather information about specific political opponents and carry out targeted acts of violence against them, paramilitary forces defend the regime from coups, and formal militaries defend the dictatorship during foreign invasions and major civil conflicts. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. The deadliest dictatorships are discussed below. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Portuguese were present in some mostly coastal points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there. 8 Current Dictators as of 2018 - The Borgen Project Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic and an oligarchy. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. Dictatorship - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. 10 Worst Dictators In Power Today - WhatCulture.com But this is not the first time Myanmar is having the bitter taste of autocracy, in fact, their governance turned . If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. The chief executive must be chosen by popular election or by a body that was itself popularly elected. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. 10 Absolute Worst African Dictators - Afrikanza [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Latin American Dictators - Leaders in Complete Control - ThoughtCo [128]. Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the . A dictator that has concentrated significant power is more likely to be exiled, imprisoned, or killed after ouster, and accordingly they are more likely to refuse negotiation and cling to power. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. List of Famous Dictators - Ranker - Lists About Everything Voted On By Key dictators from 20th century Latin America [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. [94], Marxist and nationalist movements became popular in Southeast Asia as a response to colonial control and the subsequent Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, with both ideologies facilitating the creation of dictatorships after World War II. [132] Foreign intervention takes place when another country seeks to topple a regime by invading the country or supporting the opposition. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. [5] This is particularly true when the inner circle is made up of military officers that have the resources to carry out a military coup. [41], Personalist dictatorships fit the exact classic stereotype of authoritarian rule. Albania - Communist Regime 3. The chief executive can take many names including chancellor, prime minister, or premier and the heads of the executive departments can bear different names and be called different things. China - Communist Regime 4. The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. The required majority needed to remove the sitting government varies between countries but is termed a vote of no confidence. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. 5. Explore a few of the famous ones. 8. Sudan - 1989 to 2019 - Omar al-Bashir. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. Latin America's new generation of dictators - DW - 01/12/2022 This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. [69], In the time between World War I and World War II, several dictatorships were established in Europe through coups which were carried out by far-left and far-right movements. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. 12 Examples of Fascism in History (2023) - Helpful Professor A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. Here is a list of the ten worst dictators that Africans have ever seen in their history. [8]:456. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. Unfortunately, democracy is still shaky in many countries, a number of which are fighting violent religious insurrections, and the likelihood of any fallen dictator being quickly replaced by another dictator is high. 10 Biggest Countries Ruled by Dictators - Insider Monkey Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. Equatorial Guinea. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. [8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. Is North Korea a dictatorship? [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. [1] Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. Some of the multi-party states with governing communist parties include Brazil, Nepal, India, and Russia. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government.

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