festinger and carlsmith experiment quizlet

3. 2. This is an example of_______ cause. Jerry goes to a lot of dog races because he enjoys them and loves to see the dogs run. Which of the following is not one of the reasons given by the text for interpersonal attraction? A fraction of the participants (the control group) was thanked and let go after an interview. You can use it freely (with some kind of link), and we're also okay with people reprinting in publications like books, blogs, newsletters, course-material, papers, wikipedia and presentations (with clear attribution). they shifted their attitudes and perceived the task as more enjoyable A concrete example involves the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s in the United States. Which situation would be last likely to result in a decrease of prejudice? Cheryl's co-worker also got a bad grade on a test, which Cheryl attributes to her co-worker's laziness. In these circumstances, the object of sacrifice becomes "sacred" and it is in a position to demand further sacrifices. An internet resource developed by When members of a cult are trying to enlist a new recruit, they start by asking the recruit to make a small commitment, such as attending a short meeting or helping out at a social function. Therefore, this appears to support Festinger's notion of cognitive dissonance as a "motivational state of affairs" (Festinger, 1962), and greatly contrasts to self-perception theory, which is defined as an individual's ability to respond differentially to his own behaviour and its controlling variables, and is a product of social interaction . two different groups dealing with the aftermath of a hurricane. This is the, People are less likely to be susceptible to the foot-in-the-door technique, how far people would go in obeying the command of an authority figure, Social loafing can be explained by the fact that, it is easier for a lazy person to hide laziness when working in a group of people. Which of the following is not one of the elements of effective persuasion? endobj Psych Web has over 1,000 pages, so it may be elsewhere on the site. Franklin said if you want someone to like you, get that person to do you a favor. In the study, undergraduate students of Introductory Psychology at Stanford University were asked to take part of a series of experiments. This manufacturer is depending on the social process of______ to increase sales. Lately she has noticed that she seems to play better when there are people watching her than which she is playing alone. Boulding, K. E. (1969) The grants economy. This is an example of which rule of attraction? Participants were asked, "Would you please tell the next subject in line that the experiment was fun and enjoyable?" ]B|07oS8x 7\>Hu0Y(ax/oFpr9&wcN/lLvxva 0]pr8g7o>:kIR,7V_ so4;OO8{B9D W}evewdJ|zCjmgO41b:f~fH4RZHn%j0d&@0yuV;Yhr.a3{Zolv8=e":1'>TwO_3[p]%zX{H[g*uW?:4?= 0000000658 00000 n He did so in order to make it convincing that this was [p. 205] what thc E was interested in and that these tasks, and how the S worked on them, was the total experiment. 48 0 obj 4), we will here give only a brief outline of the reasoning. All Ss, without exception, were quite willing to return the money. No problem, save it as a course and come back to it later. But Nicole's mom was so excited, Nicole couldn't bear to disappoint her. What social psychological phenomenon might the teacher be concerned about? startxref The S worked at this task for another half hour. The other group was paid 1/20th as much, the equivalent of about $5 now. Participants in the $1 condition experience greater discomfort and agitation when lying about how fun the task was than do participants in the $20 condition. >> J. abnorm. Social Psychology (Chapter 4) Flashcards | Quizlet How would a social psychologist describe this situation? To prevent groupthink, member's of a group should do all but which of the following? You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. endstream He found, rather, that a large reward produced less subsequent opinion change than did a smaller reward. All of the following are decision points in helping behavior EXCEPT. Stereotypes are governed by the recency effect. In Sternberg's model, intimacy, passion, and commitment are all present in, The area of the brain that controls aggressive responses is the, Zimbardo's prison experiment lasted only five days because, of the extreme effect it was having on the participants, Ryan sees a woman collapse in the mall. Maria had fallen victim to the_______technique. /H [ 658 210 ] His hair is uncombed and he hasn't shaved in a few days. Introducing Cram Folders! Three other participants declined the offer and another one, though he gave the girl a positive briefing, he asked for the girl's number afterwards so he can, according to him, explain to her further what the study is about. In 1959, Leon Festinger and Merrill Carlsmith looked to test Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance. Cognitive Dissonance Theory After 70 Years | Psychology Today The other fraction was given the option to take the place of the experimenter, which required them to give an interesting explanation to the next group. To do otherwise would have been to create conflict or dissonance (lack of harmony) between their attitudes and their behavior. KING, B.T. test scores of each group decreased when it was the out-group. Which of the following has been shown to be true concerning the "teachers" in Milgram's experiment? The dissonance could, consequently, be reduced by magnifying the importance of this cognition. Would the subject be willing to do a small favor for the experimenter? stream There is perhaps no surer way of infecting ourselves with virulent hatred toward a person than by doing him a grave injustice. Sets of assumptions that people have about how different types of people, personality traits, ion. The hour which the S spent working on the repetitive, monotonous tasks was intended to provide, for each S uniformly, an experience about which he would have a somewhat negative opinion. dissonance, and as a result, they would rate the task as less We mentioned in the introduction that Janis and King (1954; 1956) in explaining their findings, proposed an explanation in terms of the self-convincing effect of mental rehearsal [p. 209] and thinking up new arguments by the person who had to improvise a speech. One of the major weaknesses of the data is that not all subjects in the experiment made an overt statement contrary to their private opinion in order to obtain the offered reward. He did this for one-half hour. Gerard goes to his job interview dressed in patched blue jeans, a torn t-shirt, and sandals. Putting these 11 in exception, the 60 remaining responses are the following: One of the questions that Festinger and Carlsmith were aiming to answer is how enjoyable were the tasks for the participants. ] The driver was making a situational attribution; the officer was making a dispositional attribution. A woman argues that it is morally wrong to kill animals for food becomes upset when she is asked to explain why she is wearing a leather belt and leather shoes. Franklin said if you want someone to like you, get that person to do you a favor. Prev page|Page top|Chapter Contents|Next page. Let us then see what can be said about the total magnitude of dissonance in a person created by the knowledge that he said "not X" and really believes "X." He explained that, since they were required to serve in experiments, the department was conducting a study to evaluate these experiments in order to be able to improve them in the future. /Text [1] The experiment reported here was done as part of a program of research supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to the senior author. 3. According to the social psychologist, the social comparison theory is the idea that there is a drive within individuals to search for outside images in order to evaluate their own opinions and abilities. If you want to keep people from hating each other, work on eliminating hateful behavior. The Effects of Prejudice, Stereotype & Discrimination Let us consider a person who privately holds opinion "X" but has, as a result of pressure brought to bear on him publicly stated that he believes "not X.". Don't see what you need? This hypothetical stress brings the subject to intrinsically believe that the activity is indeed interesting and enjoyable. The girl, after this listened quietly, accepting and agreeing to everything the S told her. They were urged to cooperate in these interviews by being completely and honest. What is more, as one might expect, the percentage of subjects who complied increased as the size of the offered reward increased. In order to teach her second grade students about ______, teacher Jane Elliot created in-groups and out-groups based on the superficial characteristic of eye color. The difference between the One Dollar condition and the Twenty Dollar condition (-.25) reaches only the .15 level of significance (t = 1.46). These 11 Ss were, of course, run through the total experiment anyhow and the experiment was explained to them afterwards. Would the subject say that the experiment as he had experienced it was actually likely to measure Vince's behavior is an example of. As can be readily seen in Table 1, there are only negligible differences among conditions. The participants were asked to carry out series of monotonous tasks that were meant to be boring and nonsensical. Researchers have found that a________ degree of fear in a message makes it more effective particularly when it it combined with __________. << Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 55, 72-75. Recently Festinger (1957) proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance from which come a number of derivations about opinion change following forced compliance. Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)? Which of the following was NOT a component of Robert Sternberg's theory of love? << Method In their laboratory experiment, they used 71 male students as participants to perform a series of dull tasks (such as turning pegs in a peg board for an hour). Festinger and Carlsmith hypothesized that when people lie and don't have a good reason to lie (such as being paid only one measly dollar), they will be motivated to believe the lie. Twenty Dollar condition. GzXfc^+"R89DP{va3'72IKmr(6*k&LCl7pK)rMTvlTx6Gdo-mnsU Muzafer Sherif et al (1954), Plato, Socrates and Shakespeare endorse a "Tripartite Soul" view of Human Nature. >> Cognitive dissonance theory is the theory that we act to reduce discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent (Myers 2007). The true purpose of the experiment was then explained to the S in detail, and the reasons for each of the various steps in the experiment were explained carefully in relation to the true purpose. Shawn and Tanya start talking after they've ridden on the dorm elevator several times together. In this study, Festinger and Carlsmith found that The presence of others is especially important in influencing helping behavior when a situation is, Once someone has taken responsibility to help, the next step in the decision-making process is. Most Ss responded by saying something like "Oh, no, it's really very interesting. 2. Michigan Academician, 1, 3-12. Rating scale 0 to 10. Cognitive Dissonance | SiOWfa15: Science in Our World: Certainty and Specifically, they showed that if a person is forced to improvise a speech supporting a point of view with which he disagrees, his private opinion moves toward the position advocated in the speech. Half of the A police officer comes to Jane's office to discuss personal safety with the employees there. & JANIS, I.L. The three faces of racism | Berit Brogaard and Dimitria Gatzia /Linearized 1.0 According to Sternberg, the emotional and psychical arousal a person feels for another is the_______ component of love. ________ describes the situation in which people attend to the content of a message. Psych Web has over 1,000 pages, so it may be elsewhere on the site. The stove is too large to be moved out of his way, so he has to learn not to touch it -even when Martha isn't looking. New York Times, p.C1. 0000013918 00000 n (1984, August) Psychology Today, pp.40-45. If you need instructions for turning off common ad-blocking programs, click here. Actually, the result, as may be seen in the table, are in exactly the same direction, and the magnitude of the mean differences is fully as large as on the first question. He was told again to use one band and to work at his own speed. 80 0 obj <> endobj In Latane and Darley's classic 1969 study, they found that____ of the participants reported the smoke in the room when the two confederates in the room noticed the smoke but then ignored it. In conclusion, people, when persuaded to lie without being given enough justification, will perform a task by convincing themselves of the falsehood, rather than telling a lie. <>stream With everything else held constant, this total magnitude of dissonance would decrease as the number and importance of the pressures which induced him to say "not X" increased. His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. Evanston, IL: Row & Peterson }. Forced compliance theory - Wikipedia Why are black people stopped by police more than white people? Procedure - Festinger and Carlsmith Study This subtle dynamic makes cognitive dissonance a powerful tool for changing attitudes. After two minutes the E returned, asked the girl to go into the experimental room, thanked the S for talking to the girl, wrote down his phone number to continue the fiction that we might call on him again in the future and then said: "Look, could we check and see if that fellow from introductory psychology wants to talk to you?". The major results of the experiment are summarized in Table 1 which lists, separately for each of the three experimental conditions, the average rating which the Ss gave at the end of each question on the interview. _______ love, based on many years of shared responsibilities and experiences, is what binds many marriages together. are learned through experiences and contact with others, Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. Cults use all of the following except_______to gain new members. 0 You tell your roommate she probably would not have said that if she had attended class the day the instructor discussed the topic of. They asked the participants to execute boring tasks, such as Some researchers believe that Milgram's results were a form of the________ technique of persuasion. On the other hand, people paid only $1 were more likely to say, when asked later, that the experiment was "not bad" or that it was "interesting.". Every individual has his or her own way of evaluating their own selves and usually this is done by comparing themselves to others. A theory of cognitive dissonance. _________ has been linked to higher levels of aggression. Or is there something more nuanced at play? Cite details from the essay that support your response. 90 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<20DCF6A9F66A934D9B18D4D3D2546E7A><7EBEFA77420BBC4EB7D76A22531484C2>]/Index[80 30]/Info 79 0 R/Length 66/Prev 129900/Root 81 0 R/Size 110/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream As the E and the S started to walk to the office where the interviewer was, the E said: "Thanks very much for working on those tasks for us. The subjects were divided into two groups, A and B, where Group A was provided no introduction regarding the tasks they will be performing and Group B was. To start with, she asks her boyfriend to cook dinner for her. Sandy was a juror in the trial for a man accused of stealing guns from a sporting goods store. Imagine you are a participant in a famous experiment staged by the creative Festinger and his student J. Merrill Carlsmith (1959).

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