who ordered the massacre of glencoe

The massacre was only one in a series of incidents deemed as such, including the Darien scheme, the famine of the late 1690s, and the Union of 1707. [20], Highland regiments were formed by first appointing Captains, each responsible for recruiting sixty men from his own estates. Massacre of Glencoe, (February 13, 1692), in Scottish history, the treacherous slaughter of members of the MacDonald clan of Glencoe by soldiers under Archibald Campbell, 10th earl of Argyll. It is unlikely that Glenlyon knew at this point what he would be ordered to do next. They agreed to do so in the June 1691 Declaration of Achallader, the Earl of Breadalbane signing for the government; in July, the Battle of Aughrim ended the War in Ireland and immediate prospects of a Restoration. [25], In his letters of 30 January to Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton and Colonel Hill, Stair expresses concern the MacDonalds would escape if warned, and emphasises the need for secrecy. This is the original order sent to Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, instructing him to kill the MacDonalds of Glencoe. Other historians have disregarded this. You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebells, the McDonalds of Glenco, and put all to the sword under seventy. He was to spare none below the age of seventy. The order was then passed on to Sir Thomas Livingstone, commander of the forces in Scotland. The order for the massacre of the MacDonalds at Glencoe, 1692. The resulting massacre is remembered not just for its premeditated brutality but for its violation of an unwritten code of conduct: the perpetrators of the deed had enjoyed the hospitality of … [33], As both a capital offence and treason, it was an awkward weapon with which to attack Stair, as William himself signed the orders and the intent was widely known in government circles. But with the National Trust for Scotland, which today owns much of the glen, preparing to launch a new, £300,000 archaeological investigation into its history, now is an opportune moment to reconsider the events of 1692. The attack had been planned at the very highest level of the state. You are to secure … The Massacre of Glencoe. Scottish foods. Sir John Dalrymple, the Master of Stair (that is the heir-apparent of the Earl of Stair), one of William's principal advisers with regard to Scottish affairs, found an opportunity for destroying the small clan of the Macdonalds of Glencoe. While the Maclain of Glencoe was promised safety, Dalrymple saw an opportunity to make an example of the King’s strength. These are not like traditional British scones, but more of a potato pancake, and often served with sausage and bread. It is unlikely that Glenlyon knew at this point what he would be ordered to do next. [51], In 2018, a team of archaeologists organised by the National Trust for Scotland began surveying several areas related to the massacre, with plans to produce detailed studies of their findings. He argued lawlessness was deliberately encouraged by leaders like Glengarry, while ‘the midle sort of Gentrey and Commons....never got anything but hurt’ from it. However, the pleasures of today are offset by a sinister historic event which culminated in the government ordered murders of around 38 locals in 1692. [17], In the debate that followed, Colonel Hill claimed most Highlanders were peaceful, and even in Lochaber, a single person may travell safley where he will witout harme. It has been argued the Highlands were generally more peaceful than often suggested, in part because chiefs could be fined for crimes committed by their clansmen. Nov 26, 2019 Susan Grimshaw rated it it was amazing. This was the treacherous and cold-blooded order ruthlessly carried out on 13 February 1692, when the Campbells slaughtered their hosts the MacDonalds at the Massacre of Glencoe. The massacre of the Glencoe MacDonalds by government troops in 1692 took place during a blizzard in the depths of winter. The killing of 38 members of the MacDonald clan on February 13 1692 by Campbell-led government troops is one of the darkest … Updated Wednesday, 1st March 2017, 9:55 am. On 1 st February 1692, ten days before the massacre, they were ordered to march into Glencoe and await further instructions. [22], On the evening of 12 February, Glenlyon received written orders from Duncanson carried by another Argyll officer, Captain Thomas Drummond; their tone shows doubts as to his ability or willingness to carry them out. Instead, Alasdair was directed to the Sheriff at By 1700 his reputation had been rehabilitated. This was because MacIain, leaving it to the last minute, had travelled to Fort William instead of Inveraray to swear the oath. The crime was committed by soldiers under the command of Archibald Campbell, a Scotsman in the service of William III, King of England and Scotland who came to power following the revolution a few years prior. It was deemed an outrageous affront to both the rule of law as well as the Highland code of hospitality and caused uproar across the country. See that this be putt in execution without feud or favour, else you may expect to be dealt with as one not true to King nor Government, nor a man fitt to carry Commissione in the Kings service. However, they serve to demonstrate how the Glencoe massacre has wormed its way into Scottish national consciousness. The often quoted figure of 38 was based on hearsay evidence from Hamilton's men, while the MacDonalds claimed 'the number they knew to be slaine were about 25. In March 1690, the Secretary of State, Lord Stair, offered a total of £12,000 for swearing allegiance to William. [35] An application by the survivors for compensation was ignored; they rebuilt their houses, and participated in the 1715 and 1745 Jacobite risings. Hamilton was not in position at Kinlochleven until 11:00; his detachment included two lieutenants, Francis Farquhar and Gilbert Kennedy who often appear in anecdotes claiming they 'broke their swords rather than carry out their orders.' King James VII of Scotland and II of England was a poor king by any standard: hot-headed, naïve, politically callous and worst of all for many, an adherent to the … On December 30, Alistair McIain of Glencoe - head of a sept of Clan Donald - was crossing the north in deep wintry conditions in order to sign the pledge. It was an act of official policy, conceived by a Secretary of State for Scotland, Dalrymple, and executed by a Scottish commander- in- chief, approved by the King, and carried out by a regiment in the British Army. [34] While Stair was dismissed as Secretary of State, he returned to government in 1700 and was made an earl by the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne. Sort order. Detail from James Hamilton's Massacre … Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon was given the command of two companies of about 120 men in total. In 1692, government troops, loyal to King William, killed 38 MacDonalds, after having accepted the hospitality of the men they would murder. The massacre was launched on February 13 1692 after the King ordered Captain Robert Campbell of Glen Lyon to attack his hosts and “put all to the sword under seventy”. Who Ordered the Massacre of Glencoe - He is known as the “Curse of Scotland” for his role in the Glencoe Massacre, the government minister whose exploits went largely unpunished following the infamous murders which took place 325 years ago this week. The exception was Lochaber, persistently identified as a refuge for cattle raiders and thieves by government officials, other chiefs and even Gaelic poets. The Massacre of Glencoe. Glenlyon died in Bruges in August 1696, Duncanson was killed in Spain in May 1705, Drummond survived to take part in another famous Scottish disaster of the period, the Darien Scheme. 'You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and to put all to the sword under seventy.' Massacre at Glencoe The massacre was an act of official policy, conceived by Dalrymple, executed by a Scottish commander-in-chief, approved by the King and carried out by a regiment in the British Army. The killing of 38 members of the MacDonald clan on February 13 1692 by Campbell-led government troops is one of the darkest … You are to have a special care that the old Fox and his sons do upon no account escape your hands, you are to secure all the avenues that no man escape. Written by Jim McLean and published by Duart Music, 1963, "Massacre Of Glencoe", "The Massacre Of Glencoe" or simply "Glencoe" is not the first song to be written about this infamous, shameful and senseless act of what would today be called ethnic cleansing in the Scottish Highlands. The Massacre was ordered by Sir John Dalrymple, Secretary of State of Scotland, as punishment for the MacDonald’s chief, MacIain, not swearing the oath of loyalty to the new king, William of Orange, before the deadline of 31st December 1691. Noté /5: Achetez Order for the Massacre of Glencoe de Duncanson, Robert: ISBN: 9780902220324 sur amazon.fr, des millions de livres livrés chez vous en 1 jour This is the original order sent to Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, instructing him to kill the MacDonalds of Glencoe. The massacre of Glencoe Nevertheless in one case the submission came too late. Leave the McLeans to Argyll...[14] In January, he wrote three letters in quick succession to Sir Thomas Livingstone, military commander in Scotland; on 7th, the intention was to ....destroy entirely the country of Lochaber, Locheal's lands, Kippochs, Glengarrie and Glenco...; on 9th ...their chieftains all being papists, it is well the vengeance falls there; for my part, I regret the MacDonalds had not divided and...Kippoch and Glenco are safe. Victims of the atrocity were killed at daybreak on a freezing winter’s morning by soldiers who had enjoyed 12 nights of MacDonald generosity in the glen. The handwritten order for the Massacre of Glencoe is the centrepiece of a National Library of Scotland exhibition. In 1691 all Highland Clan Chiefs were required to swear and sign an oath of loyalty to the new, protestant King William III by no later than 1 January 1692. Muster rolls also show that Campbells made up a minority the government-backed troops dispatched to Glencoe. By The Newsroom. So while the massacre was carried out by … Conflict: The Massacre at Glencoe was part of the repercussions of the Glorious Revolution of 1688. [41] Historical divisions meant this was largely expressed through a shared cultural identity, while the study of Scottish history itself virtually disappeared from universities. Today, the region is popular with outdoor enthusiasts who pursue such activities as hiking, climbing and skiing. As per John Prebble's account 'Glencoe; the Story of the Massacre,' this was John MacDonald, who served in the Jacobite force under Thomas Buchan scattered at Cromdale in May 1690. Scotland's History Union and Jacobites The Glencoe Massacre The Glencoe Massacre – 1692 The Adobe Flash player and Javascript are required in order to view a video which appears on this page. The Commission therefore focused on whether participants exceeded their orders, not their legality; it concluded Stair and Hamilton had a case to answer but left the decision to William. 1705", "The dig uncovering Glencoe's dark secrets", "Archaeologists Trace 'Lost Settlements' of 1692 Glencoe Massacre", Report of the Commission given by his majesty, for inquiring into the slaughter of the men of Glenco subscribed at Halyrud-house the 20th day of June, 1693, Macaulay's History of England, chapter XVIII, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massacre_of_Glencoe&oldid=996399108, Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 10:42. Signed by Major Robert Duncanson, the orders stated, "You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and put all to the sword under seventy. Hello, Sign in. The Massacre of Glencoe came against the backdrop of civil war in the British Isles. [23], MacIain was killed, but his two sons escaped and the 1695 Commission was given various figures for total deaths. The 1693 Highland Judicial Commission tried to encourage use of the law to resolve issues like cattle-theft, but it was undermined by the clan chiefs, as it reduced control over their tenants. He added in to the letter he had been writing at the time: “Just now, my Lord Argyll tells me that Glencoe hath not taken the oaths, at which I rejoice. [6], After Killiecrankie, the Scottish government held a series of meetings with the Jacobite chiefs, offering terms that varied based on events in Ireland and Scotland. An historical account of the massacre, in February 1692, of the small Clan MacDonald of Glencoe by Campbell of Glenlyon's troops under orders from the English Government. Duncanson was two hours late, only joining Glenlyon at the southern end at 7:00 am, after which they advanced up the glen burning houses and removing livestock. See that this be putt in execution without feud or favour, else you may expect to be dealt with as one not true to King nor Government, nor a man fitt to carry Commissione in the Kings service. They’re sometimes called potato scones, and you may also hear them called fadge or potato bread in Ireland. This you are to putt in execution att fyve of the clock precisely; and by that time, or very shortly after it, I’ll strive to be att you with a stronger party: if I doe not come to you att fyve, you are not to tarry for me, but to fall on. [49] It was used as a subject by Thomas Campbell and George Gilfillan, whose main claim to modern literary fame is his sponsorship of William McGonagall, allegedly the worst poet in British history. Sir Colin administered the Oath on 6 January, after which MacIain returned home. '[29] The impetus behind an inquiry was political; as a former member of James' administration, who then became a supporter of the new regime, Stair was unpopular with both sides. However, Dalrymple took issue with the pace of progress and King William issued a proclamation to the clan leaders - pledge your allegiance or be answerable at your “highest peril”. This was the treacherous and cold-blooded order ruthlessly carried out on 13 February 1692, when the Campbells slaughtered their hosts the MacDonalds at the Massacre of Glencoe. [3], In March 1689, James landed in Ireland while John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee recruited a small force for a supporting campaign in Scotland, which included the Camerons and Keppoch MacDonalds. The soldiers themselves had no idea why they were there, of course, so they would have been re-assuring to the Glencoe MacDonalds. In preparation to carrying out the massacre, two companies of Argyle’s regiment, a total of about 120 men, under the command of Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, were ordered to proceed to Glencoe by the beginning of February, and under pretext, to remain there and await further orders. Two days later, secret articles appeared, cancelling the agreement in the event of a Jacobite invasion and signed by all the attendees, including Breadalbane, who claimed they had been manufactured by Glengarry, the MacDonald chief. Whoever was pulling the strings, Dalrymple had found his target - and could barely contain his delight. This suggests the Episcopalian Glencoe MacDonalds only replaced the Catholic Glengarry as the target on 11 January; MacIain's son John MacDonald told the 1695 Commission the soldiers came to Glencoe from the north '...Glengarry's house being reduced.'[16]. Order for the massacre of Glencoe This is the original order sent to Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, instructing him to kill the MacDonalds of Glencoe. Updated Wednesday, 1st March 2017, 9:55 am. Maclain of Glencoe delayed signing the oath and when he arrived in Fort William he found he had to go to … [38] It was referenced by Whig historian, Thomas Macaulay, in his 1859 History. Some believe that Archibald’s cousin, the Earl of Breadlebane encouraged the position that MacIain’s pledge was irregular given the opportunity it opened up for Clan Campbell to seek revenge on the MacDonalds. On February 13, 1692, thirty-eight members of the Macdonald clan were massacred by troops at the behest of the Lord … An estimated 30 members and associates of Clan MacDonald of Glencoe were killed by government forces, allegedly for failing to pledge allegiance to the new monarchs, William III of Scotland and Mary II. He missed the deadline by six days. The massacre . It was a significant element in the persistence of Jacobitism in the Highlands, and remains a powerful symbol for a variety of reasons. Despite victory at the Battle of Killiecrankie on 27 July, Dundee was killed along with 600 Highlanders; the survivors spent the winter in Lochaber, before organised Jacobite resistance ended with defeat at Cromdale in May 1690. Retrouvez Order for the Massacre of Glencoe et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. He was to spare none below the age of seventy. Le massacre de Glencoe (écossais : Mort Ghlinne Comhann) s'est déroulé dans la vallée de Glen Coe en Écosse, tôt dans la matinée du 13 février 1692, à l'époque de la Glorieuse Révolution et du jacobitisme. In addition, links between Irish and Scottish branches of the MacDonalds, as well as Scots and Irish Presbyterians, meant unrest in one country often spilled into the other. One suggestion for the delay was an internal power struggle between Protestant elements of the MacDonald clan, like Glencoe, and the Catholic minority, led by Glengarry. This correlates with evidence from James Campbell, one of Glenlyon's company, stating they had no knowledge of the plan until the morning of 13 February. [48], Glencoe was a popular topic with 19th-century poets, the best-known work being Sir Walter Scott's "Massacre of Glencoe". Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. [18] In summary, the Glencoe MacDonalds were a small clan with few friends and powerful enemies. The first historical figure connected with Glencoe was Fingal, one of the greatest Celtic heroes and leader of the Feinn, warriors of Gaelic mythology.The glen was his legendary home and his memory is preserved in a number of place names, for … [9], In early October, the chiefs asked James for permission to take the Oath unless he could mount an invasion before the deadline, a condition they knew to be impossible. Who Ordered the Massacre of Glencoe - He is known as the “Curse of Scotland” for his role in the Glencoe Massacre, the government minister whose exploits went largely unpunished following the infamous murders which took place 325 years ago this week. [52] Work in the summer of 2019 focused on the settlement of Achtriachtan, at the extreme end of the glen; home to an estimated 50 people, excavations show it was rebuilt after 1692 and still occupied in the mid-18th century. Tuesday, 7th February 2017, 1:41 pm . In March 1690, the Jacobite chiefs agreed to swear allegiance in return for cash payments, but continually delayed; despite finally committing themselves under the June 1691 Declaration of Achallader, they still had not done so by December. He was to spare none below the age of seventy. Two rival dynasties vied for the throne in far off London; but the fighting, the repercussions and the bloodshed would be felt most in the heart of the Scottish Highlands. But it wasn’t long before he was back in government. Why the Glencoe MacDonalds were selected is still debated; it appears to have been a combination of internal clan politics, and a reputation for lawlessness that made them an easy target. It was used as a subject by Thomas Campbell and George Gilfillan, whose main claim to modern literary fame is his sponsorship of William McGonagall , allegedly the worst poet in … Instructing that the attack be carried out at 5am, the order added: “This is by the Kings special command, for the good & safety of the Country, that these miscreants be cutt off root and branch”. The massacre of the MacDonald’s of Glencoe is one of the most notorious acts of infamy in Scottish history and is remembered even now with bitter distaste by many of that clan. This differs from their testimony to the Commission and is unlikely, since they arrived hours after the killings, which were carried out at the opposite end of the glen. He … [32] It was first used in 1588 against Lachlan Maclean, whose objections to his mother's second marriage led him to murder his new stepfather, John MacDonald, and 18 members of the wedding party. [12] Glengarry did not swear until 4 February, with others doing so by proxy, but only MacIain was excluded from the indemnity issued by the Scottish Privy Council. He was to spare none below the age of seventy. Tattie Scones. By The Newsroom. Who ordered the Glencoe Massacre - and why? Frustrated by this, the Secretary of State for Scotland, Lord Stair, decided to make an example to provide a warning of the consequences for further delay. [21] On 12 February, Hill ordered Hamilton to take 400 men and block the northern exits from Glencoe at Kinlochleven. In 1691, King William the Third, recognising the resurgence of the Jacobite cause, ordered all the clan chiefs to sign an oath of allegiance by 1st January 1692. Two rival dynasties vied for the throne in far off London; but the fighting, the repercussions and the bloodshed would be felt most in the heart of the Scottish Highlands. Write a review. Breadlebane, known as “Slippery John” for his double dealings, promised a royal pardon and £12,000 to the clan chiefs involved in the recent Jacobite win at Killiecrankie in return of an oath of allegiance to King William - to be signed by January 1 1692. The order to slaughter the MacDonalds came from London at the urging of the Secretary of State for Scotland, John Dalrymple. Stair persuaded King William that the order was designed to root out a den of thieves in the Valley of Glencoe. “It’s a great work of charity to be exact in rooting out the damnable sept, the worst in all the Highlands.”. [27], The killings first came to public attention when a copy of Glenlyon's orders was apparently left in an Edinburgh coffee house, then smuggled to France and published in the Paris Gazette of 12 April 1692. The Massacre Of Glencoe Mort Ghlinne Comhainn We give you 1 pages partial preview of The Massacre Of Glencoe Mort Ghlinne Comhainn music sheet that you can try for free. You are to have special care that the old fox and his sons do upon no account escape your hands. Muster rolls for the regiment from October 1691 show the vast majority came from areas in Argyll devastated by the 1685 and 1686 Atholl. History of Glencoe. This website and its associated newspaper are members of Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). The last on 11 January states; ...my lord Argile tells me Glenco hath not taken the oaths at which I rejoice....[15], Parliament passed a Decree of Forfeiture in 1690, depriving Glengarry of his lands, but he continued to hold Invergarry Castle, whose garrison included the senior Jacobite officers Alexander Cannon and Thomas Buchan. No Scottish breakfast is complete without tattie scones (tattie is a familiar term for potatoes). [28] Despite criticism of the government, there was little sympathy for the MacDonalds; the military commander in Scotland, Viscount Teviot wrote that 'it's not that anyone thinks the thieving tribe did not deserve to be destroyed but that it should have been done by those quartered amongst them makes a great noise. Despite assurances at Fort William that McIain would be protected, word was delivered to Dalrymple at his office in Kensington Palace by Archibald, 10th Earl of Argyll, Chief of Clan Campbell, that MacIain’s certificate was void. [19] The Glencoe MacDonalds themselves were similarly billeted on the Campbells when serving with the Highland levies used to police Argyll in 1678. So while the massacre was carried out by … [1], Casualties would have been higher, but, whether by accident or design, Hamilton and Duncanson arrived after the killings had finished. Glencoe village today. 11 famous Harry Potter filming locations in Scotland, Popular Scottish surnames and their meanings, The killing of 38 members of the MacDonald clan by government troops, led by Robert Campbell of Glen Lyon, is one of the darkest episodes in the turbulent history of the Highlands. Detail from James Hamilton's Massacre … It was Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, a desperate man who had lost his all through gambling, who carried out Stair’s final order, 'to put all to the sword under seventy'. As Captain of the Argylls' Grenadier company, Drummond was senior to Glenlyon; his presence appears to have been to ensure the orders were enforced, since witnesses gave evidence he shot two people who asked Glenlyon for mercy. Dalrymple’s family crest is said to resemble the nine of diamonds playing card, with the card sometimes called the Curse of Scotland. 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No account escape your hands this was because MacIain, leaving it to the Glencoe MacDonalds outlawed... Be ordered to March into Glencoe and Keppoch MacDonalds were a small with!

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