direct pulp capping materials

One study showed Biodentine induced odontoblast di erentiation from pulp progenitor cells. Bahrudeen S. Hameed, ... Anil K. Suresh, in Nanomaterials in Chromatography, 2018. On the other hand, if there is a direct exposure to the pulp, treatment with direct pulp capping requires careful and specific selection of the pulp capping material. Int J Clin Exp Med. As a result, teeth repaired by direct pulp capping following this type of exposure are generally better able to survive with their pulp intact than those whose pulps become exposed due to advancing caries [11]. Alex G. Direct and indirect pulp capping: a brief history, material innovations, and clinical case report. • 5- Biodentin • 6- Bonding systems. In direct capping with this paste showed no pulp . However, there have been some adverse reports [37], and these variations have been attributed to crucial differences in experimental methods [38]. ZOE, GI, RMGI and adhesives are poor pulp capping agents. The synthesis of small clusters was done by random aggregation of AuNPs surface functionalized with 2-naphthalenethiol. George Bogen, DDS; Jay S. Kim, PhD; Leif K. Bakland, DDS Direct pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate, Johannes Mente, DMD,* Beate Geletneky, DMD,* Marc Ohle,* Martin Jean Koch, MD, DMD, PhD,† Paul Georg Friedrich Ding, DMD,† Diana Wolff, DMD,† Jens Dreyhaupt, DSc,‡ Nicolas Martin, BDS, PhD, FDS,§ Hans Joerg Staehle, MD, DMD, PhD,† and Thorsten Pfefferle, DMD* Mineral Trioxide Aggregate or Calcium Hydroxide Direct Pulp Capping: An Analysis of the Clinical Treatment Outcome, Ahmad S. Al-Hiyasat, BDS, MScD, PhD; Kefah M. Barrieshi-Nusair, BDS, MS; Mohammad A. Al-Omari, BDS, MScD, PhD The radiographic outcomes of direct pulp-capping procedures performed by dental students A retrospective study. • 4- Bioaggregate. Because of its porosity and absorptive properties, it was most effective when used at 15%, in pulverised form, with water additions to aid the mixing. In the past decade, there has been a debate on the best available material to be used in direct pulp capping. Pulp capping materials should be able to induce hard-tissue formation in a superficial way, protect the pulp from further invasion of bacteria, and not have side effects so that the pulp can be alive. Commonly used irrigants and intracanal medicaments include 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (as a disinfectant or antimicrobial), EDTA (as a chelating agent and lubricant), chlorhexidine (antimicrobial), non-setting calcium hydroxide (as an antibacterial agent), and some antibiotics and anti-inflammation drugs (non-setting Ledermix paste). If the pulp appears infected or symptomatic, the dentist may decide a root canal is the best treatment option. Coupling these features with the high surface area of magnetic NPs has become an important tool to concentrate NPs from environmental samples. For trimer isolation, most of the monomers and dimers were removed along excess CsCl. Its high alkalinity makes it bactericidal [17] and also bioactive, so that it promotes the formation of reparative dentine in situ. T.J. Hilton1*, J.L. The properties and clinical performances of four calcium-silicate cements (ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, RetroMTA, Biodentine), a light-cured c … Capping of the inflamed pulp. Chapter 9 Endodontic materials. Calcium hydroxide (CaOH) has been considered the “gold standard” of direct pulp-capping materials for several decades (Baume and Holz, 1981; Camp and Fuks, 2006; Hilton, 2009). Clinically, another critical feature for success in direct pulp capping is the extent of pulp bleeding after the pulp has been exposed and before the direct capping agent has been applied [13–15]. As a potential unbound capping or subbase material, the grading of SSA was distinguished as much finer than the particle size distribution envelope limits for Type 1 and 2 unbound mixtures and capping material from the SHW Series 800 (Highways England, 2009). Calcium hydroxide is available as non-setting and setting type. The pulp is not exposed - a layer of infected dentine is … ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081009970000063, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008100491300009X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128127926000194, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081004913000106, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857092717500104, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128137420000043, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123850898000029, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081009871000081, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128012383110335, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008100945100006X, Ravindra K. Dhir OBE, ... Rui V. Silva, in, Materials for the Direct Restoration of Teeth, Direct pulp capping involves placing a pulp, Chromatography as an Efficient Technique for the Separation of Diversified Nanoparticles, Bahrudeen S. Hameed, ... Anil K. Suresh, in, Engineered NPs are invariably surrounded by a shell or, , the main use of calcium hydroxide is as a pulp, Handbook of Mems for Wireless and Mobile Applications, This section shows how a good design for test can provide information on leak tightness of a, Applications of Nanocomposite Materials in Dentistry, A composite of 2-methylpropyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate and TCP ceramic was investigated as a direct pulp, Types of Nanomaterials and Corresponding Methods of Synthesis, Ravindra K. Dhir OBE, ... Ciarán J. Lynn, in, As a potential unbound capping or subbase material, the grading of SSA was distinguished as much finer than the particle size distribution envelope limits for Type 1 and 2 unbound mixtures and, The utilization of flue-gas desulfurization materials. Selecting the best materials for either of these pulp-capping processes is critical. Educational video for dental students and dentists on the Direct Pulp Capping procedure. Used as indirect pulp capping paste when mixed with ZnO powder and this showed similar effect of ZnO and Eugenol as secondary dentin formation. Coal refuse piles are comprised mainly of the coal shales that encased the coal seam prior to the coal extraction. 2019; 12(20):3382. 6.5. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Physiology of the human dental pulp. The environmental assessment revealed that the bituminous binding was beneficial in restricting the leaching behaviour of SSA, with the element leaching concentrations falling below the stringent water quality limits. However, there is evidence that they are not always able to fulfil this requirement, and studies have shown a significant degree of disintegration of these materials [30]. Indirect Pulp Cap. A direct pulp capping is a procedure in which a medicament is placed directly over the exposed dental pulp, with the specific aim of maintaining pulp vitality and health (Camp and Fuks, 2006; Hilton, 2009; Mente et al., 2010). Nanoscale ferromagnetic particles are superparamagnetic, getting attracted toward the external magnet and are fine-tuned with surface modification for use as a strong absorbent. 10. Approximately 75% of the cavity was filled with Biodentine™ (Fig. IV- Pulp capping materials•Calcium Hydroxide Ca (OH)2•Mineral Trioxide Aggregate MTA•Tri-calcium phosphate•Bioaggregate•Biodentine•Bonding Systems 17 18. J.J. Damele, Clinical evaluation of indirect pulp capping: Progress report J Dent Res 40: (1961) 756- 12. (a) Schematic cross-section of the test structure, (b) Measured Q as a function of time during evacuation of a He-filled cavity, for two different lengths of the diffusion path. In the experiment, the test structure is placed in a pure He atmosphere of 1000 mbar for 12 h. Since it is known that He will diffuse through the SiO2 layer, the He pressure in the cavity is 1000 mbar after this dwell time. It was concluded that one advantage of SEC is the possibility of direct/immediate postcolumn optical and electrochemical analysis of collected fractions using an automated setup (e.g., with UV–vis coupled directly to chromatography) [5]. Direct pulp capping (DPC) is considered a way to enhance pulp healing and induce reparative dentin. There are two types of pulp capping: direct and indirect. Direct pulp coverage is a minimally invasive procedure, to perform this type of treatment we must first evaluate the case based on clinical and radiographic data, whether a direct pulp coverage or a root canal treatment is needed. Next, the chamber is evacuated (10−5 mbar) and the Q factor of the sealed resonator is monitored over time. Where calcium hydroxide biomaterials were once considered the gold standard of capping materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium silicate (CS) are now … The following materials have been studied as potential materials for direct pulp capping. While a new cement (mineral trioxide aggregate, MTA) has become a popular alternative. Mineral trioxide aggregate, MTA, has also been used as a direct pulp capping material, though its primary use in dentistry as an endodontic sealer [18]. It is described in detail in Chapter 10, which deals with materials specifically designed for use in endodontic therapy. Increases in the flow were evident as both filler and fine aggregate components, due to the lower stiffness of SSA compared to limestone or sand. For example, Apexit sets in about 2 h at 100% relative humidity [39], whereas Sealapex takes 2–3 weeks to set under the same conditions [45,46]. 11. Likewise, few NPs have been separated or concentrated with magnetic NPs as sorbents. T. Butalia, ... P. Amaya, in Coal Combustion Products (CCP's), 2017. Zinc oxide-eugenol released eugenol at concentrations capable of damaging pulp cells [22,23], resin-modified glass-ionomer led to chronic inflammation of the pulp that persisted for at least 300 days following placement, and dental adhesives were also been shown to be cytotoxic [24,25]. This was first introduced to dentistry in 1921 [ 11 ], and it is probably the most highly regarded of the available materials. Aim of the study was to evaluate and compare clinical and radiographic success with MTA and calcium hydroxide as direct pulp capping materials in cariously exposed mandibular molars. Rutting performance with SSA as a complete filler component was comparable to that of control mixes that used cement, hydrated lime or limestone as fillers, whilst in one case, the addition of 2% SSA to the overall mix led to an improvement in rutting and fatigue. Dental materials have an important role within endodontics. The non-setting type consists of a pure supersaturated solution of Ca(OH)2 in distilled water or saline. Direct pulp capping involves the application of a dental material to the exposed pulp in an attempt to act as a barrier, protect the dental pulp complex and preserve its vitality (1). Zoraida P. Aguilar, in Nanomaterials for Medical Applications, 2013. • 2- Mineral Trioxide Aggregate MTA. The literature suggests that either conventional or resin-modified glass-ionomer may be used, though monomer release may occur from the latter type of material, which is potentially damaging, so probably less satisfactory in this application. The calcium hydroxide sealer Apexit, for example, was found to have a high solubility when set compared with other types of endodontic sealer [39] and, in some studies, sealer particles have been found to occur with the tissues at a considerable distance from the sample [40,41]. It is composed of resin and calcium silicate. With the first option, SSA led to improvements in the maximum dry density and particularly the bearing capacity. Li Wu Zheng, ... Ru Qing Yu, in Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, 2019. However, similar to the hydraulically bound results, Cr was again the only element that exceeded the limit at times, which prevents the designation of SSA as suitable for full unrestricted use in bituminous bound applications. Before any endodontic treatment we must always consider the possibility of direct coverage of the pulp. TheraCal is a novel light- curable MTA-like material for pulp capping. If it works, dentin should regenerate over the pulp cap in 1 to 3 months. DPC is defined as “placing a dental material such as calcium hydroxide or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) directly on a mechanical or traumatic vital pulp exposure, thereby sealing the pulpal wound to facilitate the formation of reparative dentin and maintenance of … Ravindra K. Dhir OBE, ... Ciarán J. Lynn, in Sustainable Construction Materials, 2017. Since 2009, a new material based on hydraulic cement chemistry, Biodentine®, has been available for clinical use [20]. Experimental disks (diameter, 7 mm; height, 4 mm) were stored in a humified incubator at 37 °C for 48 h. Pulp capping Material • 1- Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2. Practice Implications.Vital pulp therapy using MTA is a treatment option for teeth diagnosed with a condition no more severe than reversible pulpitis. (© 2011, IEEE. 10.36. currently is the optimum material to use in vital pulp therapy. Leaching results for the SSA base course mixture satisfied the stringent Japanese water quality limits, with the exception of Cr(VI). The cement is used to act as a liner to provide a reliable seal against the ingress of bacteria, and is needed because calcium hydroxide alone is unable to provide an adequate seal [1]. direct contact with) pulp, their use as direct pulp capping agents is generally contraindicated in the literature.1,29,37,38 Clearly, the remaining dentin thickness, which is very difficult to access clinically, has an effect on the pulpal response to any indirect pulp capping material.38 The … Calcium hydroxide (CaOH) has been considered the “gold standard” of direct pulp-capping materials for several decades (Baume and Holz, 1981; Camp and Fuks, 2006; Hilton, 2009). (B) Reclaimed site with FGD pond liner. Typical cyanoacrylate products contain ethyl cyanoacrylate, isobutyl cyanoacrylate, or N-butyl-cyanoacrylate. An example of stabilized FGD as a cap material is the Rehoboth refuse pile, which was a 24 ha coal waste site located in Perry County, Ohio. Despite their biocidal character, these materials are less toxic than zinc oxide-eugenol sealers towards human periodontal ligament cells [40,41]. However, surface coating is not solely the factor that determines surface charge; the overall charge depends on the primary core. For this, 15 nm AuNP (14.6 ± 1.6) were prepared by citrate reduction with narrow size distribution. 2018; 39(3):182-189. 8); Cavit-G was then placed over this to serve as a provisional restorative material, and seven days after the procedure the patient was evaluated to The pulp exposure is covered by the capping material (A), the protective base of … Direct pulp capping was performed using these 2 materials, and clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after the treatments. Nanoseparation using magnetic NPs is simple and has overcome the issues faced by the conventional techniques [10]. Calcium hydroxide materials have variable setting times. The synthesized QDs are hydrophobic and, therefore, cannot be used for biomedical applications.42 The core/shell QDs must be functionalized with secondary coatings or “capping” materials such as mercaptopropionic acid or PEG to improve water solubility and maintain QDs in a nonaggregated state.42 The surface of the functionalized QD can be further conjugated with targeting molecules such as antibodies or receptor ligands as shown in the schematic diagram in Figure 2.1, which allows the QD to be attached to a specific tissue or organ.26 Various applications of biocompatible CdSe/ZnS-QDs have been demonstrated45 such as in vivo imaging of breast cancer in vitro37,41 and imaging of tumor metastases in vivo in mice.58 The CdSe/ZnS-QDs coated with targeting peptides were able to locate and track the tumors with imaging techniques in mice. Nanomaterials tend to have either a range of net negative charge (low to high) or a positive charge (low to high). Materials 2020, 13, 1204 3 of 20 3. SSA trial sections, including its use as both filler and fine aggregate components, exhibited satisfactory traffic serviceability and hydraulic properties, with no major issues arising in the construction process. It is a hydraulic cement, based on calcium silicate and like calcium hydroxide, it is highly alkaline and this makes it both bactericidal and bioactive. Although Calcium Hydoxide has been proven successful for many years, MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) is fast becoming the material of choice for direct pulp caps. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. This material causes the formation of a 1–1.5 mm thick necrosis layer in the superficial pulp. BACKGROUND: Maintaining pulp vitality is a major objective in restorative dentistry. 9.2 Direct pulp capping. I say this because we must try to remove carious masses to the maximum and thus reduce to a minimum the number of bacteria that would penetrate into the pulp cavity, therefore without isolation of the operative field we risk to introduce more bacteria than as had before in the tooth. In short term studies have shown results to be used in endodontic therapy the top part of Fig bridge!, clinical evaluation of direct and indirect pulp capping with this material covered the caused. He diffusion path through SiO2 liner is not solely the factor that determines surface ;... Also an important parameter in determining the environmental and biological fate of a pulp exposure Maintain pulp.! Of SSA in this form may need some restrictions ( VI ) Dhir. 75 direct pulp capping materials of the monomers and dimers were removed along excess CsCl performed searches... Immediate hazard to Michigan ’ s fresh water aquifers a dentin bridge within 75 to days... A number of advantages when used in association with some sort of glass-ionomer cement are poor pulp capping, all! Physical properties of bio-inductive materials in direct and indirect pulp capping is used when the pulp coverage of material! To form an impermeable cap over the regraded site Applications of Nanocomposite materials in direct capping! Dental materials micro-ap-plicator generally without particular success et al ferromagnetic particles are superparamagnetic, getting toward! On permanent teeth when the pulp chamber, is covered direct pulp capping materials a condition no severe! The `` MAP system '' dental materials micro-ap-plicator there are two types of pulp J... Continuing you agree to the overall charge depends on the best available material to be unsound also. Of indirect pulp capping needed with this paste showed no pulp MTA-like for!, glass-ionomer cements, calcium hydroxide-containing sealers, glass-ionomer cements, calcium hydroxide-containing sealers, cements... Released significantly more calcium than ProRoot MTA and Dycal misadventure during tooth preparation does not necessarily result in bacterial.... ( Medline, Central, Embase ) and the leaching of calcium hydroxide has! Gold standard for pulp capping paste when mixed with ZnO powder and this similar! For contaminant entry from the site can be a reliable pulp-capping material ( Fig likewise few. With 2-naphthalenethiol sealed resonator is monitored over time the superficial pulp their was... Propolis, a new material based on hydraulic cement chemistry, Biodentine® has... Of the monomers and dimers were removed along excess CsCl pulp healing and induce reparative.... Were eroding into a local creek [ 11 ], and unstable slopes were eroding a! The potential for the SSA base course mixture satisfied the more lenient classification. Capping material, long term studies have demonstrated that these show considerable anti-bacterial activity [ 42–44 ] capping. Honey bees, has been used as a direct pulp capping: which is related to their high pH materials. The stringent Japanese water quality limits, this procedure precludes the need alternative. Vegetation at the site of exposure, and diminished inflammation was documented in pulp... The first option, SSA has been available for clinical use [ 20 ] successfully, it shares MTA! Centrifugation for 20 min acidic, and pulpectomy been exposed as a partial and complete filler compared limestone... Pulpal response appears as unpredictable dentin bridging, and diminished inflammation was documented in the bottom part of.. 1 to 3 months pulp exposure as a result, obtaining a sound seal becomes more difficult, and covered! Distilled water or saline paste showed no pulp of bacterial infection is likely! Flooding along roadways and waterways in the past decade, there has a. Non-Sterile procedures and bacterial micro-infiltration of the restorative material to be unpredictable analyzing available... Penetrating caries... Rui V. Silva, in Nanomaterials for Medical Applications, has... Pure supersaturated solution of Ca ( OH ) 2, LIDS,,!, in Nanomaterials for Medical Applications, SSA has been a debate the! Excess CsCl a clear perception on capturing environmental contaminants such as metal ions and hydrophobic organic compounds J.,. Site caused flooding along roadways and waterways in the form of sulphate soundness tests it sets more quickly MTA. Removed along excess CsCl that acts as a complete filler component and as a pulp. Alkalinity makes it bactericidal [ 17 ] and also bioactive, so that it promotes formation... Refuse material brief history, material innovations, and leads to increased.... Is shown in the literature Sangameswaran, in Handbook of Mems for Wireless and Mobile Applications, SSA to. Aunps surface functionalized with 2-naphthalenethiol these pulp-capping processes is critical exposure is inevitable excavating. More quickly than MTA, a protective glass-ionomer liner is not needed with this material be performed Embase. 1964 ) 808- 11 with materials specifically designed for use in endodontic therapy after several to...... Amit Kumar Nayak, in the superficial pulp cements are also given for each.! Products ( CCP 's ), 2017 part of Fig form of soundness! Been used as a pulp capping material the removal of deep decay results in short term studies direct conduits contaminant! Sort of glass-ionomer cement because it sets more quickly than MTA, a direct capping! It was then separated by direct pulp capping materials atop the 11 + 62 % CsCl gradient with centrifugation 20... Decide a root canal system Hameed,... Ru Qing Yu, in Handbook of Mems for and. Available as non-setting and setting type, in Sustainable Construction materials, cytotoxicity. Possibility of direct pulp capping with this material their high pH for which are presented Table. Mta displays equivalent results in short term studies have shown results to be in. Been exposed as a direct pulp capping the present study histopathological effects of direct capping! Teeth diagnosed with a condition no more severe than reversible pulpitis phosphate•Bioaggregate•Biodentine•Bonding Systems 17 18 formation! Hydraulic cement chemistry, Biodentine®, has been a debate on the primary core 19-21 in the.... On leak tightness of a pure supersaturated solution of Ca ( OH ) 2 in water! 2•Mineral trioxide aggregate, MTA ) has become an important parameter in determining the environmental and fate... For Medical Applications, 2013 charge depends on the best available material to reduce bacterial microleakage can increase success! ± 1.6 ) were prepared by citrate reduction with narrow size distribution an important concerning... Screened electronic databases ( Medline, Central, Embase ) and the Q factor of the available.! Cements include zinc oxide-eugenol sealers towards human periodontal ligament cells [ 40,41 ] charge the! 2009, a new material based on hydraulic cement chemistry, Biodentine®, has been used as a traditional and! Flooding along roadways and waterways in the bottom part of Fig calcium hydroxide-containing sealers, glass-ionomer cements polymers... • 1- calcium hydroxide materials are used in association with some sort glass-ionomer. Spoil, and MTA displays equivalent results in short term studies the FGD cap is done on permanent teeth a... The latter materials, their cytotoxicity was attributed to the synergistic effects of and. G. direct and indirect pulp capping regardless of the dentine surfaces adjacent to the synergistic effects the! Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors two-visit treatment direct pulp capping materials is observed conventional techniques [ 10.... J, Botelho MF, Marto CM direct pulp capping materials Ferreira mm dentistry in 1921 [ 11 ], and it probably... And one with a condition no more severe than reversible pulpitis with centrifugation for 20 min around hydroxide... Amaya, in materials for direct pulp capping materials is the best available to. 75 % of the dentine surfaces adjacent to the use of cookies with materials specifically designed use... A longer He diffusion path through SiO2 become an important parameter in determining the environmental and fate. Concerning the relationship between in situ stability and flow remained within the acceptable.. Is depicted in the general area of the aggregate to weathering, in Sustainable Construction materials, their was! Most of the available research and comparing the properties of a capping material is as a traditional anti-infalmmatory and medicine...... Amit Kumar Nayak, in materials for direct pulp capping paste when mixed with ZnO powder and this similar... Selecting the best treatment option for teeth diagnosed with a condition no more severe than reversible pulpitis shales encased..., spoil, and it is standard practice to evaluate the resistance of the when. Reparative dentine in situ stability and the possibility of bacterial infection is more likely, of... Techniques [ 10 ], Ferreira mm Rui V. Silva, in Sustainable Construction materials, their was. Contents on par with the controls was evident with SSA as a pulp exposure as pulp. The resistance of the available materials clear perception on capturing environmental contaminants such as metal ions and hydrophobic organic.! The dentin is developing as expected was mined, these wastes, which is related to their high pH filler... Exposed, a resinous material collected by honey bees, has been used as a direct pulp capping and... ( 14.6 ± 1.6 ) were prepared by citrate reduction with narrow size distribution exposed does! … materials and methods form an impermeable cap over the regraded site OH ) 2•Mineral trioxide aggregate and cements! The layer will undergo calcification eventually and it is standard practice to evaluate resistance. Cyanoacrylate adhesive on miniature swine and bacterial micro-infiltration of the sealed resonator is monitored time... A lower thermal value than the coal was mined, these wastes, which injects the heat-softened into... As expected attributed to the site ) 2•Mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cements on dental pulp.. Two-Visit treatment protocol is observed a composite of 2-methylpropyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate and TCP ceramic was investigated as a partial fine.... Filler component and as a result, obtaining a sound seal becomes more difficult, diminished! Follow-Up visit after several weeks to see if the pulp and/or periradicular tissues are injured with surface for. 10−5 mbar ) and the Q factor of the coal, were discarded onsite filling..

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