describe the dual nature of electromagnetic radiation

Only photons whose energy exceeds a … This means that electromagnetic waves can travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum … The only way to resolve the dilemma was to accept the idea that light possesses both particle and wave-like properties, i.e., light has dual behaviour. Dual Behaviour of Electromagnetic Radiation. Define radiation. An electron microscope is a powerful tool in modern scientific research because it achieves a magnification of about 15 million times. The emission of energy in the form of waves. Radiations are considered to be transmitted by wave motion. Distance travelled by the wave in one second is called the velocity of the wave. • Light travels through the vacuum of space – unlike sound. Particle nature could explain the black body radiation and photoelectric effect satisfactorily but on the other hand, it was not consistent with the known wave behaviour of light which could account for the phenomena of interference and diffraction. 2nd PUC Physics Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Five Marks Questions and Answers. Required fields are marked *. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Visible light represents only a small portion of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation (as … Depending on the experimental circumstances, EM radiation appears to have either a wavelike or a particlelike (photon) character.. Louis de Broglie (1892-1987) who was working on his Ph.D. degree at the time, made a daring hypothesis: the number of waves that pass by a fixed point during a given amount of time FQ: In what ways do electrons act as particles and waves? This fact has been put to use in making an electron microscope, which is based on the wave-like the behaviour of electrons just as an ordinary microscope utilizes the wave nature of light. Though it was immediately suspected, following Röntgen’s discovery, that X-rays were a form of electromagnetic radiation, this proved very difficult to establish. de Broglie in 1924 proposed that matter, like radiation, should also exhibit dual behaviour i.e., both particle and wave like properties. Electromagnetic radiation can be defined as a form of energy that is produced by the movement of electrically charged particles traveling through a matter or vacuum or by oscillating magnetic and electric disturbance. Electromagnetic Radiation as both Waves & Particles Electromagnetic waves travel at 3 x 108m∙s-1with many of the properties of waves such as: - Reflection - Refraction - Diffraction Electromagnetic radiation also behaves like a particle when absorption in materials occurs. Light and other electromagnetic radiations have dual nature viz: the particle nature and the wave nature. The arrangement of different electromagnetic radiations in order of increasing wavelength is called electromagnetic spectrum. This means that just as the photon has momentum as well as wavelength, electrons should also have momentum as well as wavelength. These packets of energy can be treated as particles. Define waves. We understand the conditions under which EM radiation behaves as a wave diffraction experiment. Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Waves An electromagnetic wave is an energy wave that has both a magnetic field and an electrical field. It needs to be noted that according to de Broglie, every object in motion has a wave character. The number of waves passing through any point in unit time (1 sec) is known as frequency (υ). where m is the mass of the particle, v its velocity and p its momentum. At first, physicists were reluctant to accept the dual nature of light. In this live Grade 12 Physical Sciences show we take a look at the Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation. Quantum is the smallest denomination of energy. 1hυ, 2hυ, 3hυ etc. Electromagnetic nature of radiations is explained by James Maxwell (1870). These fields are transmitted in the forms of waves called electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic radiation. Sometimes it behaves like a wave, which explains how light bends (or diffracts) around an object 3. The dual nature of radiation here basically mean ‘the wave nature’ and ‘the particle nature’. Depending on the experiment, we find that light behaves either as a wave or as a stream of particles. Answer: Photoe mission is instantaneous; For every photo emissive surface there is a minimum frequency of the incident radiation below which there is no photo emission. He suggested that when electrically charged particles move with an acceleration alternating electrical and magnetic fields are produced and transmitted. It refers to wave-particle duality as it is known today. Dover Road and Pretoria Avenue, Randburg, South Africa. The term electromagnetic radiation, coined by Sir James Clerk Maxwell, is derived from the characteristic electric and magnetic properties common to all forms of this wave-like energy, as manifested by the generation of both electrical and magnetic oscillating fields as the waves propagate through space. Optical Phenomena and Properties of Materials, States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory, Instantaneous Speed, Velocity & Equations of Motion, Newton's Laws and Applications -1st, 2nd & 3rd laws, Newton's Laws and Applications - Universal Gravitation, Atomic Combinations - Molecular Structure, Electricity & Magnetism - Electrostatics, Electricity & Magnetism - Electromagnetism, Electricity & Magnetism - Electric Circuits, Chemical Change - Energy and Chemical Change, Chemical Change - Types of Reactions (Acids & Bases), Chemical Change - Types of Reactions (Redox Reactions), Chemical Systems - Exploiting the Lithosphere, The Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation. After all, many of us humans like to have one right answer. He suggested that when electrically charged particles move with an acceleration alternating electrical and magnetic fields are produced and transmitted. According to this theory, small particles like … The light which is a form of radiation from the Sun, also possess dual nature. Electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves in that they do not require a medium to propagate. Cnr. 2. denoted by ‘c’. The wavelengths associated with electrons and other subatomic particles (with very small mass) can, however, be detected experimentally. Electrons can behave like waves or particles…they behave as particles when orbiting in the electron cloud and then act like waves when they interact with other substances in a defined position. Your email address will not be published. Describe the relationship between visible light, radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays. (2) This presented a new wave mechanical theory of matter. Electromagnetic Radiation 1. scienceisbeauty.tumblr.com Electromagnetic Radiation Sarah Jones 2. This is one of the fundamental physical constants. Electromagnetic nature of radiations is explained by James Maxwell (1870). Magnetism can also be static, as it is in a refrigerator magnet. The energy of a photon E and the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation associated with it are related in the following way: \[E=h \upsilon \label{2}\] where h is a universal constant of nature called Planck’s constant with the value 6.6262 × 10 –34 J s. The application of Equation \(\ref{2}\) is best shown by an example. Whenever radiation interacts with the matter, it displays particle like properties in contrast to the wavelike properties (interference and diffraction), which it exhibits when it propagates. Electromagnetic radiation has the dual nature: its exhibits wave properties and particulate (photon) properties. X-Ray, Ultraviolet Light, Infrared Light, microwaves, and radio waves are forms of electromagnetic radiation. (ii) Intensity of radiation can be understood in terms of number of photons falling per second on the surface. Resources: Notes: Nature of Light: Light Energy: Light is energy. The Dual Nature of the Electron. De Broglie, from this analogy, gave the following relation between the wavelength (λ) and momentum (p) of a material particle. • Light travels as an electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic waves are produced by a vibrating electric charge and as such, they consist of both an electric and a magnetic component. Consequently, a photon possesses both the characteristics of a particle and wave. So it may be concluded that electromagnetic radiations possess dual nature. The Nature of Light: Objectives: 1. Some microscopic particles like electrons also exhibit this wave-particle duality. Chemistry Journal 2.02 Electromagnetic Radiation Driving Question: How does the nature of particles, waves, and energy explain phenomena such as lightning? This is no clearer than when considering the photoelectric effect, where photons knock electrons out … He said that when an electron is in an allowed orbit, the electron will not produce electromagnetic radiation. Absorption and emission of radiant energy does not takes place continuously but it takes place in the form of packets of energy. Light • Light is a form of energy known as electromagnetic radiation. As Albert Einstein wrote:. Wave-particle duality, possession by physical entities (such as light and electrons) of both wavelike and particle-like characteristics. For an overview of electromagnetic radiation's dual nature, work through this collection of science lessons. Bohr also made up a new rule to explain the stability of the hydrogen atom --- why it could last longer than 0.000000000001 second. Your email address will not be published. Explain the dual nature of electrons. Thus light has dual nature. De Broglie’s prediction was confirmed experimentally when it was found that an electron beam undergoes diffraction, a phenomenon characteristic of waves. Unlike sound waves or water waves, electromagnetic waves do not require medium and can move in vacuum. The distance between two consecutive troughs or consecutive crests is called as the wavelength (λ). The magnetic and the electric fields come at 90° to each other and the combined waves move perpendicular to both electric and magnetic oscillating fields occurring the disturbance. The oscillating electric and magnetic fields produced by oscillating charged particles are perpendicular to each other and both are perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. FQ: What are the characteristics of waves? Bohr did not explain why, he just proposed a new law of nature. It can be emitted as whole number multiple of quantum I.e. Key Terms: electromagnetic spectrum electromagnetic wave infrared ultraviolet light-year. Einstein proposed that electromagnetic radiation has a wave-particle nature, that the energy of a quantum, or photon, depends on the frequency of the radiation, and that the energy of the photon is given by the formula Ephoton=hv. Light has a dual nature 1.Sometimes it behaves like a particle (called a photon), which explains how light travels in straight lines 2. This dual nature is a property of all forms of radiation and matter and is comprehensively described by the theory of quantum mechanics. This kind of radiation is pure energy with no mass and is like vibrating or pulsating waves of electrical and magnetic energy. Key Ideas and Terms Notes Define frequency. Despite the odd nature of photons, scientists prior to Einstein had long suspected that the fundamental particle of electromagnetic radiation shared properties with our more macroscopic particles. Each quanta has definite amount of energy which depends upon frequency of radiation. In this lesson we describe EM radiation as a wave and a particle with properties of both. A changing magnetic field will induce a changing electric field and vice-versa—the two are linked. VHS: The Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation - Chapter Summary. Question 1. And nature agreed with Niels Bohr. Its important postulates are. Types of Electromagnetic Wave Behavior. Describe the dual-nature of an electromagnetic wave. On the other hand, radiations exhibit a phenomenon of interference and diffraction which indicated that they possess wave nature. Finally, we understand the conditions under which EM radiation behaves as a particle - photoelectric effect. Therefore, you can recall the popular adage that “light is not only a wave but also a particle”. A wave consist of crests and troughs. The quantum of energy is always an integer. Dual nature of EM waves - law EM radiation is so-named because it has electric and magnetic fields that simultaneously oscillate in planes mutually perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation through space. Basic features of photon picture of electromagnetic radiation : (i) Radiation behaves as if it is made of particles like photons. The second basic type of radiation is electromagnetic radiation. Describe the observed facts of photoelectric effect. Expressed in m/sec. We understand the conditions under which EM radiation behaves as a wave diffraction experiment. Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave.It expresses the inability of the classical concepts "particle" or "wave" to fully describe the behaviour of quantum-scale objects. These changing fields form electromagnetic waves. The wavelengths associated with ordinary objects are so short (because of their large masses) that their wave properties cannot be detected. These fields are transmitted in the forms of waves called electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic radiation. Finally, we understand the conditions under which EM radiation behaves as a particle - photoelectric effect. In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. Radiation is the form of energy, which can be transferred from one point to another point in space. Electromagnetic Spectrum All forms of electromagnetic radiation banded together. But Einstein paved the way in 1905 by embracing wave-particle duality.We've already discussed the photoelectric effect, which led Einstein to describe light as a photon. Particle Nature of Light or Planck’s Quantum Theory: Quantum theory was given by Max Planck in 1900. In this live Grade 12 Physical Sciences show we take a look at the Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation. unit is m. and practical unit is angstrom (Å). It is Expressed in cycles per second (cps) or Hz. Hand, radiations exhibit a phenomenon of interference and diffraction which indicated that possess... 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